China now dominates in every technology defining the modern world

China now dominates in every technology defining the modern world, leading in AI, advanced materials, defence, space, robotics, transportation, energy, and biotechnology. The Australian Strategic Policy Institute's 2025 Critical Technology Tracker reveals China's dominance, driven by a coordinated government approach and significant investment in innovation. China's engineering-focused strategy contrasts with the US's more regulatory-driven model, contributing to its technological lead. This shift in global technological leadership has significant implications for the West and Australia.